Making Indian Constitution

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Making of the Constitution(Making Indian Constitution)

Making Indian Constitution was begun followings

  • 1922 – Mahatma Gandhi put forward the demand that India‘s political destiny should be determined by the Indians themselves.
  • May 17, 1927 – At Bombay session Motilal Nehru moved a resolution calling up on the Congress working committee to frame a Constitution for India.
  • May 19, 1928 – In all party conference a committee was set up under the Chairmanship of Motilal Nehru to determine the principles of the Constitution of India.
  • Report was submitted on August 10, 1928 and was called Nehru Report.
  • This was the 1st attempt by Indians to frame a full-fledged Constitution for India.
  • MN Roy in the year 1934 put forward the idea of Constituent Assembly for India for the first time.
  • In the year 1935, the Indian National Congress for the first time officially demanded for the CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY.

August offer

  • The demand for the CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY was for the first time and authoritatively conceded by the British Government in the year 1940 through August Offer.
  • 1940 – The coalition government in England recognized the principle that the Indians should themselves frame a new Constitution.

 

Cripps mission-1942

  • Sir Stafford Cripps (Cabinet Minister) came to India with a proposal of framing of Independent Constitution of India to be adopted after World War II provided that the 2 major political parties INC and the Muslim League could come to an agreement.
  • The Muslim League rejected the same on the demand that India to be divided into 2 autonomous states on communal lines with 2 separate CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLYs.
  • Hence political parties could not come to an agreement.

 

SIMLA CONFERENCE

  • After the World War II, the new labor party government came to the power in England.
  • Shimla Conference was held in the year 1945 at the instance of viceroy, Lord Wavell.
  • The Shimla Conference of 1945 was arranged by Lord Archibald Wavell and the major political parties in India.
  • This was convened to agree up on the Wavell plan for Indian self Government to provide separate representation to Muslims.
  • Conference was failed.

 

Cabinet Mission plan-1946

  • The member of mission was Lord Pathick Lawrence, Sir Stafford Cripps and A V Alexander.
  • It was sent on March 24, 1946 to India with a proposal of CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY.
  • The delegation rejected the claim for a separate Constituent Assembly and a separate state for Muslims.

 
Making Indian Constitution
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY

  • It was constituted in November, 1946 with 389 members in whom 296 from British India and 93 were from princely states.
  • Constituent Assembly members were both elected (indirectly) and nominated.
  • Except Mahatma Gandhi and Mohammed Ali Jinnah all prominent persons were members in CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY.
  • The first meeting of the CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY took place on December 9, 1946
  • Muslim League boycotted the meeting and insisted on separate state Pakistan. Meeting was attended by 211 members only.
  • Sachchidanand Sinha (senior most) was interim President of CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY.
  • December 11, 1946 – Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the President of the Constituent Assembly.
  • H C Mukherjee – Vice President of the CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
  • B N Rau – Constitutional advisor
  • December 13, 1946 – ―Objectives Resolution‖ was moved by Jawaharlal Nehru.
  • The ―Objective resolution was adopted on January 22, 1947.
  • Preamble was the modified version of the Objectives Resolution.

Making Indian Constitution
Mountbatten plan

  • Lord Mountbatten was sent to India as the Governor-General replacing Lord Wavell
  • Lord Mountbatten came out with a plan. This plan was given a formal shape by a statement made by British Government on June 3, 1947
  • On July 26, 1947 Lord Mountbatten announced the establishment of a separate Constituent Assembly for Pakistan.
  • The Indian Independence bill was introduced in the British Parliament on July 4, 1947.
  • The India Independence Act came into force from July 18, 1947.
  • The Indian Independence Act of 1947 provided that from August 15, 1947 would be set up two independent dominions India and Pakistan.
  • The Constituent Assembly reassembled on August 14, 1947 as the Sovereign Constituent Assembly for the Dominion of India.
  • When the Constituent Assembly reassembled on October 31, 1947 the membership was reduced to 299.
  • With Indian Independence Act of 1947, CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY became the sovereign body. India became sovereign on January 26, 1950.
  • The CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY became the first parliament of free India. The first speaker – G V Mavalankar.

Making Indian Constitution
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY adopted followings

  • National Flag on July 22, 1947.
  • Constitution on November 26, 1949.
  • National Anthem on January 24, 1950.
  • National Song on January 24, 1950.
  • Dr Rajendra Prasad was elected as the first President of India on January 24, 1950.
  • January 24, 1950 was the last session of the CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY.
  • The Constituent Assembly continued as the provisional Parliament of India from January 26, 1950 to till the completion of first ever general elections in India. (1951-52)
  • There were 22 committees constituted in the CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY.
  • The final draft was introduced in the CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY by Dr B R Ambedkar on November 4, 1948 (1st reading).
  • The 3rd reading was completed on November 26, 1949.
  • The draft Constitution was declared adopted on November 26, 1949.
  • The original Constitution contained 8 schedules and 395 Articles
  • Preamble was enacted after the enactment of the Constitution. ―Preamble‖ was the last to be adopted and enacted.
  • BR Ambedkar – The Father of the Constitution of India.
  • Constitution came into force on January 26, 1950. Celebrated as the Republic day.
  • it took 2 years 11 months and 18 days for the Constitution to get complete
  • The first elected Parliament (2 houses) came into being in May, 1952.