Invasion from North West
- Mohammad bin Qasim first attacked on India & conquered Sind and Multan in 712 AD.
- We got information about this all from the Persian text chachnama written by Kazi Ismail in 1216 AD
- 1st arab to attacked india was – Mohammad bin Qasim
- 1st Turkish to attacked india was – Subuktgin
THE GHAZNAVIS
Mahmud of Ghazni or Ghaznavi (997-1030)
- He was also known as ―But-Shikan‖ (destroyer of the image) because of seventeen plundering expeditions between 1000 AD and 1027 AD in India.
- Annexing Punjab as his eastern province, he claimed to have come here with twin objectives of spreading Islam in India, and enriching himself by taking away wealth from India.
- He led 17 invasion on India 17th was plunder of somanath temple.
- In 1025, he attacked and raided the most celebrated Hindu temple of Somnath, Gujarat.
- Beruni who wrote Kitab-ul Hind, and Firdausi, who wrote Shah Namah, were the court Historians of Mahmud Ghazni and give a good account of the polity and society on the eve of Mahmood‘s invasion. From 1010 to 1026, the invasions were thus directed toward the temple-towns of Thaneswar, Mathura, Kannauj and finally Somnath.
Muhammad Ghori (Shahabuddin Muhammad)
- Founder of Muslim empire in India
- In AD 1173 Shahabuddin Muhammad (AD 1173–1206) also called Muhammad of Ghori ascended the throne of Ghazni.
- Muhammad Ghori led his first expedition in AD 1175. He marched against Multan and freed it from its ruler. In the same campaign he captured Uchch from the Bhatti Rajputs.
- Three years later in AD 1178 he again marched to conquer Gujarat but the Chalukya ruler of Gujarat, Bhima II defeated him at the battle of Anhilwara.
- In AD 1190 having secured Multan, Sind and Punjab, Muhammad Ghori paved the way for a further thrust into the Gangetic Doab.
- A fierce battle was fought between Ghori and Prithviraj Chauhan in which prithvi defeated the Ghori called the first battle of Tarain in 1191 AD.
- Second battle of tarain was fought in 1192 AD in that battle Ghori defeated the Chouhan.
- Ghori fought the third battle with jaichand at chandawar called battle of chandawar and crush the jaichand.
- Ghori was assassinated in 1206 AD
- His Viceroy Qutubudin Aibek found the Slave dynasty in India.
NEXT SULTANATE AGE …………………………………………